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Organizations of any duration develop norms of behavior. A few are
codified in organizational rules but many remain informal,
transmitted to new members through socialization mechanisms. All
norms, informal norms in particular, are resilient but not
permanent. They change if socialization instruments are no longer
effective or if members are aware of established norms but opt to no
longer follow them.

In my three decades in the profession I have served on an uncountable
number of search committees. In recent years I increasingly
encountered an annoying (to me) practice among applicants, multiple
vita entries for identically titled, and thus presumably identically
written, conference papers. I originally dismissed such practices as
vita padding, a not well socialized, nor particularly well
accomplished, applicant seeking to make his or her research
performance look more impressive than it actually is.

The connection between the government & the governed is often evaluated using election results. This article explores this connection between elections using data on gubernatorial approval in the states. Specifically, I ask the question: Do governors with greater job approval ratings have greater influence over the state bureaucracy than governors with lower approval ratings? Measures of both gubernatorial influence & administrator contact with gubernatorial staff are regressed on gubernatorial approval ratings from state polling data, along with controls for other state characteristics. The results show that approval does affect a governor's influence with the bureaucracy, &, as such, serves as an additional connection between the government & the governed. 1 Table, 40 References. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractThe connection between the government and the governed is often evaluated using election results. This article explores this connection between elections using data on gubernatorial approval in the states. Specifically, I ask the question, Do governors with greater job approval ratings have greater influence over the state bureaucracy than governors with lower approval ratings? Measures of both gubernatorial influence and administrator contact with gubernatorial staff are regressed on gubernatorial approval ratings from state polling data, along with controls for other state characteristics. The results show that approval does affect a governor's influence with the bureaucracy, and as such, serves as an additional connection between the government and the governed.

Carsey presents a sound piece of research planted solidly in
two fields: voting behavior and state politics. The primary
thrust is testing a model of campaign strategy and voter
reaction. Carsey takes advantage, as have many recently, of
the steadily accumulating state campaign and exit polling
data. Although not nearly as rich as the American National
Election Survey (ANES) in content, these data provide
reliable state samples and an abundance of cases in each
state, which the ANES seldom does. We now often can use
the states as true social science laboratories of democracy-
expanding N without adding the confounding factors that
plague across-time comparisons of national elections.